Non‑Insulin‑Dependent Diabetes Treatment

Patients with C‑peptide >0.7 nmol/L (>2.2 ng/mL) are considered non‑insulin‑dependent. First‑line therapy includes metformin ± empagliflozin, acarbose for overweight, gliclazide or pioglitazone for lean, GABA supplement, and triple therapy if aiming to discontinue insulin. Second line adds DPP‑4 inhibitors, sometimes combined with empagliflozin. Insulin cessation prioritizes stopping short‑acting insulin first. See fasting-precautions-diabetes and sleep-hygiene-diabetes.